Development of Geographic Information System

Development of Geographic Information System CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM A geographic information system helps to create maps, integrate information, visualize scenarios, present powerful ideas and develop effective solutions. GIS can be used in wide areas for the purpose of decision making. This technique used in many areas such as traffic measurement, asset management and weather forecasting. A geographic information system helps to analyze large quantity of data within a single database according to their location. GIS is used for providing information about disaster and will manage huge level of data for vulnerability and hazard management. GIS is well developed and successful tool that is applicable in disaster refinement and forecasting. Weather forecasts cover large regions and weather status may change every minute during the natural disaster. Weather forecasting, disaster management and warning are also major service provided by GIS. GPS is integration of software and hardware components that used in mobile phones for tracking the location. GPS is an very robust and easy to handle. GPS is an real time positioning information that provides highly accurate geographic reference in dependent of time and weather. Spatial database stores a huge amount of space-related information such as maps, medical imaging data, pre-processed remote sensing data, and VLSI chip layout data. Geospatial data is the data that relates to the geographic location of features that mainly required for GIS. Spatial data that show where the feature is there and attribute data provide information about the feature .The amount of Geospatial data will be collected in disaster refinement and forecast system is also increasing exponentially. The complexity of spatial database isthat it is not possible to analyze and collect data completely. 1.2 GEOGRAPHIC MAPS Two dimensional graphic representation of earth surface. The sizes of geographic objects on a map smaller than size in reality. Google map isa free web mapping and location basedservice. Google service provider providesa free web APIfor using the Google map web interface. Interactive web mapping services and resource management services have been introduced as an extension to a conventional GIS system. Integration of web mapping service and geographic resource has recently attracted more attention. The service providers manage and maintain all the services by API. Google API services are free at present. But some API services have only limited usage. People want the services for usage have to register their own details and purpose of usage. The registered users are permitted to add labels on a web page to request the service providers and access their service to gather the resource of Geo-information. When the developer request exceeds for some resources, the application is blocked b y service providers and it is put in waiting to be confirmed. Finally, it will be approved. People (developers) are interested to use Google map in their application have to apply for a Google map key. After applying the Google map key then developers can use or insert Google map to their own application. Google map provides control and options to use mapping service as per user’s request. Google map service provider, have some policies that have to be satisfied by the developer as per the need of the application. The developers should provide the purpose of map usage in their application and their professional details for avoiding illegal usage of the map. GEOMETRIC PROBLEM Computational Geometry is one that describes the studies of data structure and algorithm for Geometric problems. Geometric Algorithm used to solve Geometric Problems such as Range Searching, Point Location. Nearest Neighbor and Ray Tracing. Spatial data mining denotes the spatial relationships, extraction of knowledge, or other interesting patterns that are not clearly stored in spatial data sets. Spatial data are mainly required for GIS whose information is related to geographic locations. The amount of spatial data that can be collected in such systems is also increasing exponentially. The complexity of the data found in these databases means that it is not possible for humans completely to analyze the data being collected. Spatial database is one of large database that manage multidimensional objects such as lines, points etc. Spatial partitioning is a step to define, generate and represent partitioned data. Spatial Data is partitioned based on spatial attribute. Spatial data is partitioned as tree and recursive subdivision of space. KD tree algorithm is used for spatial partitioning. The purpose is to hierarchically decompose space into small number of cells, such that no two cells contain too many objects. Fast way to access any input object is by its position. Algorithm construct kd tree by partitioning point set recursively along different dimensions. Space partitioning is the process of dividing a space into two or more disjoint subsets. Space- partitioning means that divide large regions into several small regions. Then the partitioning technique applied to small regions recursively. These regions are organized into a tree called as spatial-partitioning tree. Cluster analysis or clustering is the task of grouping a set of objects, that objects will be similar means they are in the same group or otherwise in different group. To build a hierarchy of clusters called hierarchical cluster analysis. Nearest Neighbor technique is simple and efficient that based on the structure of data. Various techniques available for solving the nearest neighbor problems. K-Nearest Neighbor is simple and fast technique deals with large data samples that use the nearest neighbor rule. Ball Tree K-Nearest Neighbor deal with high dimensional data to improve speed to find K-Nearest Neighbor to perform Geometric learning tasks. Quad tree is partition the space into two dimensions that means root node partitioned exactly into four children. Octree is data structure that partition space into three dimension space such as recursively subdivides space into eight octants. R Tree is one of spatial indexing technique that indexing multi dimensional information such as geo graphical coordinates that store geometric objects and also used for spatial access methods. R+ Tree differ from R Tree that avoids overlapping of coordinates. R* Tree is robust and efficient technique used to structure geometric objects. 1.4 WETHER FORECASTING Weather conditions have increased the demand for decision support systems to include true forecasts. Weather forecasts cover large regions and weather status may change every few minutes the effectiveness in human life to know what will happen for unpredictable situations and events. weather forecasting and warning are also major service provided by GIS. The emergence of smart phones has led to the proliferation of a variety of innovative data-driven mobile applications. One useful application is location based mobile weather forecasting which provides minute-to-minute forecasts. After around to staring at temperatures, reading reviews, and watching weather alerts roll in, that this Weather offers the most straightforward approach to presenting weather data on an Android Smartphone. Though it sounds complicated, it’s all about how much weather you want and how often, which is pretty easy to figure out. No two people experience and appreciate weather the same way, and most Andr oid device owners have different styles of customizing their phones. So picking just one Android weather app for everyone just isn’t going to fly. weather forecast and disaster refinement forecast is assessed which involves weather related data such as temperature, air pressure, rainfall, solar radiation,relative humidity, wind speed, sea level pressure, ground level pressure and their location related latitude and longitude. A major part of cyclone disaster refinement and weather forecasting are the severe weather alerts and advisories to people that severe or hazardous weather is expected. 1.5 CYCLONE DISASTER Natural disastersmakeextreme weather changes in earth surface that givelotsof losses and damages to valuable goods, buildings, andthat result in death or injury to humans. Cyclone is one of natural disaster that makes the area of closed, circular fluid motion rotating in the same direction as the earth. Cyclonic circulations mostly appear in an large scale that are centered on low atmospheric pressured areas. Cyclone disaster may cause severe weather events and problems that create wind speed more than 200 km/hour and sea waves as high as a few metres. Cyclone disaster makes severe weather changes that damage property and disturb the daily lives. The main objective of cyclone disaster refinement and forecast system is to monitor the changes and refine the complicated disaster occurrence as accurately as possible. Cyclone disaster refinement and forecast system have two aspects: Monitoring the situation and recording the real weather changes and any chance for the disaster such as a cyclone.Other is occurrence prediction ofcycloneand causesof cyclone disaster. In this system, we are going to find out any possibilities of cyclone and due to any weather changes by real-time Geospatial data collection. In this system, API services for collecting live data from service providers such as Google, yahoo are used. The resource integration may use own API for integration of useful resources. Service providers observe every Geospatialchangethrough satellite and gather weather data. To prevent the damages to forecasting the upcoming disaster related updates frequently. 1.6 FUZZY LOGIC BASED MODEL Fuzzy Logic can mimics a person would make decisions about anything such as forecasting. Both expert knowledge and past data can be used to develop the forecasting system. Fuzzy Logic provides a simple way to arrive at a definite conclusion based upon imprecise, noisy or missing input information. It has an ability to explain the results and it can be coupled with other technologies such as neural networks to develop powerful systems. Fuzzy results depend on the initial data or the knowledge. The fuzzy concept means set their range or values that can vary according to the conditions, instead of being fixed once and for all. Actually the fuzzy has semantics, but they defined as per the specification, including a definition of the conditions in which they are operationalized. The reasoning of fuzzy logic have only two values that as true and false values which may incomplete or ambiguous, Fuzzy logic able to process this situation and to provide approximate solution. To design this fuzzy system, that define the rule that satisfied the rule that equals the range means that specified as input and output data. They collect data to make dataset based on their existing one to form the range that will make some rules. The fuzzy inference system can be described in the five steps: Fuzzifying Input Applying Fuzzy Operators Applying the Implication Process Aggregating All Outputs Defuzzifying The aim of the work, is collecting geospatialdata and integrating the geographic resource and then passed to the algorithm of nearest neighbor change in cities are found and the climate will visualize it on Android Smartphone via Google map. The Google map is input to the system. This work is organized as follows. Section 2 gives the review of previous work onthe weather data collection, Algorithm for findingnearest neighbors, Natural disaster rating and forecasting. Section 3 describes the problem statement of the existing work. Section 4 and 5 elaborates proposed methods and analysis and the discussion about testing our work is noted in Section 6. Section 7 presents implementations and conclusions of the work is noted in section 8.

Impact Statement Essay

NSTP was one big rollercoaster ride. Admittedly, I didn’t like it entirely because It has a lot of requirements for a non-credited subject. It was fine with me going to our designated area and cleaning the place, but it was not seem necessary for us to still have to submit certain papers/ documents and have this seminar sessions. Well that was what I initially felt. As I reflect on it, I realize that I did actually have fun in one way or another and I realized that NSTP served as an eye opener to us students, as we become aware of the things that sometimes we didn’t notice like having a family. I have learned the value of having a family who can provide their basic needs. Although we didn’t really have any interactions with the children in the orphanage, just by seeing them I realized the blessings that I have right now, that I’m indeed fortunate enough to have parents that support and provide my needs. My experience with this activity will be much cherished because this had taught me the importance of having a family. NSTP also taught me to give back to the community. I may not have the capability to effect one big change on society, but with one random act of kindness, society can slowly but surely change. For if one man performs an act of random kindness, and others follow, then the world will be on happier place to live in.

ASSESSMENT 1 WORKING IN ADULT SOCIAL CARE Copy - 1525 Words

LEVEL 2 CERIFICATE IN PREPARING TO WORKING IN ADULT SOCIAL CARE ASSESSMENT 1 WORKING IN ADULT SOCIAL CARE QUESTION 1 EXPLAINE HOW A WORKING RELATIONSHIP IS DIFFERENT FROM A PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP They both apply in different sphere; the first determination refers to work related aspects e.g. professional codes of conduct, employer policies and all relevant procedures according to which we needs to perform our daily duties, as the second one applies to private life. In our working relationship we are friendly to other colleagues, individual service users or employers. However, we would not share any sensitive data in relation to our work with third parties; that how we do when we met our friends and talk about non-work†¦show more content†¦Also learning from other peoples strengths and weakness allow us to improve, develop our knowledge skills and practice. QUESTION 12 DESCRIBE TWO WAYS OF ENSURING THAT YOUR OWN PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES OR BELIEFS DO NOT OBSTRUCT OR NEGATIVELY AFFECT THE QUALITY OF WORK 1. Being aware of our own personal attitudes and beliefs; being open and understanding to others attitudes and beliefs (which might be not always right with our); treat others with due respect; respect differences between us and other people. 2. Always have a good communication with other colleagues and follow through care standards with excellent care service, without any discrimination. QUESTION 13 DESCRIBE A LEARNING ACTIVITY AND EXPLAIN HOW IT HAS IMPROVED YOUR OWN KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND UNDERSTANDING. Learning activity it is improving knowledge skills and understanding by reflecting on my own working activities using skills like reading workbooks or work-based courses. Personally I am improving my skills and knowledge by reading all relevant materials related to social care subject (like books, magazines, newspapers, scientific journals etc...). Also a huge influence on my professional personal development have all courses (usually undertaken from e learning platforms in form of online courses) that I have already completed or currently one - like Level 2 Preparation to work in adult social care worker. QUESTION 14Show MoreRelatedLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesRobert D. Library and information center management / Robert D. Stueart and Barbara B. Moran. — 7th ed. p. cm. — (Library and information science text series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–1–59158–408–7 (alk. paper) ISBN 978–1–59158–406–3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Library administration—United States. 2. Information services— United States—Management. I. Moran, Barbara B. II. Title. Z678.S799 2007 025.1—dc22 2007007922 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available

Analysis Of William Blakes Songs Of Innocence And Of...

Songs of Innocence and of Experience, which is written by William Blake, was published in 1794. Author wants to describe the contrary of two states of human soul: innocence and experience. While Songs of Innocence include is collection of poems about happy, or joyful world, Songs of Experience are a collection of poems about sorrows, or sufferings. The above selection text is from The Lamb which is a poem in Songs of Innocence. The first impressive about this poem is that it is as a song for children and describes the innocence state of human through the conversation between a child and the lamb. However, each poem could reflect the knowledge of author about something. Blake said that all he knew is in bible. His poems may be implying†¦show more content†¦The text starts with naive questions â€Å"Little Lamb, who made thee? Dost thou know who made thee?† (Blake). It could be considered as simple questions of a child to want to know about the world. These questions a re simple, but nobody can have a correct answer. Descriptive sentences are follow the questions. A lamb is described through its wool and voice. Those are first things can be observed by children, so it will be easy for them can know what author is describing. In addition, Blake uses words â€Å"delight†, â€Å"bright†, â€Å"tender†, â€Å"rejoice† to describe about the lamb, they are also words implied to innocence. The children are same as the lamb in the selection text and consider a innocence creature. They are naive, happy and holy. Third, literary device helps to describe the innocence in the selection text. The lamb is selected on the text rather than other animals. Characteristic of lamb is gentle and playful, and it have a white soft wool. They could be a symbol of innocence. However, lamb is the choice of Blake in his poem could imply another thing. The word â€Å"Lamb† is capitalized in the poem. It means that Blake want to imply speci fic somebody or something rather than normal lamb. It will difficult to consider whom Blake wants to talk about. However, as we know about Blake, all his knowledge is from bible. Lamb in the bible is considered as children of God, and they are guided by God, so they do not have the sin. Lamb inShow MoreRelatedWilliam Blake s The Tyger1132 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake’s â€Å"The Tyger† and Tragedies William Blake wrote a set of poems in his collection Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. Some of the poems in each collection were meant to be read together to show the difference between innocence and experience. Many people question why Blake wrote a two part series to his poems and what they could actually mean. Two specific poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger,† were meant to be read together. â€Å"The Lamb† is a part of Blake’s Songs of Innocence andRead MoreSongs of Good and Evil1545 Words   |  7 Pages Simple, limited, and unadventurous all describe William Blake’s life (Greenblatt, Abrams, Lynch, Stillinger). Blake was born November 28, 1757 in London, England and his artistic ability became evident in his early years. Blake had a very simple upbringing and had little education. His formal education was in art and at the age of fourteen he entered an apprenticeship with a well-known engraver who taught Blake his skills in engraving. In Blake’s free time, he began reading writing poetry. At theRead MoreWilliam Blake in Contrast of Songs of Innocence and of Experience1452 Words   |  6 PagesEN 222-Intro to British Lit. II April 21, 2012 William Blake in contrast of Songs of Innocence and of Experience William Blake, an engraver, exemplified his passion for children through his many poems. Blake lived in London most of his life and many fellow literati viewed him as eccentric. He claimed to have interactions with angels and prophets, which had a great influence on his outlook of life. Blake believed all prominent entities, those being church, state, and government had become sick withRead MoreAN ANALYSIS OF WILLIAM BLAKES SONGS2960 Words   |  12 PagesAN ANALYSIS OF WILLIAM BLAKE’S SONGS OF INNOCENCE AND OF EXPERIENCE AS A RESPONSE TO THE COLLAPSE OF VALUES TIMOTHY VINESâˆâ€" Blake’s Songs of Innocence and of Experience are a much studied part of the English canon, and for good reason. Blake’s work depicts a quandary that continues to haunt humanity today: the struggle of high-order humanity against the ‘real’ rationality and morals of institutionalised society. This essay seeks to explore both Blake’s literary reaction to the Enlightenment and theRead MoreEnglish Preromanticism: William Blake3403 Words   |  14 PagesPreromanticism: William Blake Term Paper Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. M. Ã…  idlauskas 2008 CONTENTS Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...............3 1. William Blake-a forerunner of English Romanticism 1 William Blake-a social critic of his own time†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 2 William Blake’s ideas and the Modern World†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 2. â€Å"Songs of innocence and of Experience†-the most popular W.Blake’s poem book 1 The social significance of W. Blake’s work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8Read MoreEssay about The Voice of the Chimney Sweepers1180 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake (1757-1827) led a relatively happy life. At an early age, he claimed that he could see God, Angels, and other important Italian figures. Blake’s parents encouraged him to keep a record of all the masters he claimed to keep in contact with. Blake’s father, James Blake, gave him casts and engravings to keep this record. At the age of ten, Blake started at a drawing school named Henry Pars’ Drawing School. Three years later, he was apprenticed to a Master Engraver, James Basire. BlakeRead MoreWilliam Blake s Innocence And Experience Analysis Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesIsha Fidai Amber Drown English 2323 14 September 2016 William Blake s Innocence and Experience Analysis The Romantic Era was a movement in literature that began in the late seventeenth century throughout the eighteenth century that was mainly influenced by the natural world and idealism. Romanticism was predominantly focused on emotion and freedom emphasizing individualism. Formed as an uprising against neoclassicism, romanticism was more abstract, focusing on feelings and imaginations, insteadRead MoreThe Unification Of Innocence And Experience1933 Words   |  8 PagesThe Unification of Innocence and Experience Many peer-reviewed sources believe it is â€Å"essential† to understand the historical contexts of William Blake’s lifetime in order to accurately interpret Songs of Innocence and of Experience (Blake 23). I present opposing questions to this theory: (1) why is it necessary to try and adopt a perceptional adaptation of Blake’s historical perspective in order to comprehend and interpret his work; (3) is Songs of Innocence and of Experience a timeless work ofRead MoreOpposition in William Blakes The Lamb and the Tyger689 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Opposition in William Blakes The Lamb and The Tyger William Blakes Songs of Innocence and Experience contain some of his most known poems including The Lamb from Songs of Innocence and The Tyger from Songs of Experience. These two poems are intended to reflect contrasting views of religion, innocence, and creation, with The Tyger examining the intrinsic relationship between good and evil. Blake utilizes contrasting images and symbols to examine opposing perspectives of good and evilRead MoreEssay about Analysis of Poem, The Garden of Love737 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Poem, The Garden of Love from William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Experience Blake’s poems are divided into two sections, Songs of Experience and Songs of Innocence. Under Songs of Innocence, Blake seems to present his readers with innocence as freedom from sin, moral wrong, and guilt. In Songs of Experience, Blake seems to present the faults and sufferings of mankind. Innocence and experience are contradictory viewpoints. When one is innocent, one is not aware, therefore